Clinic Notes: Autism's Earliest Symptoms and ABA

At the Childrens Treatment Center (www.Childrenstreatmentcenter4autism.com) I see 40+ kids a week. Most of these children have autism and are helped by ABA. Naturally, with autism being epidemic, I have been looking for signs of autism in my grandchildren from birth on. Studies have found that if intensive ABA is started early enough the symptoms and the diagnosis of autism may disappear and I want to be ready. Normally developing infants show some signs of autism at times--staring at objects--not responsive to stimuli--avoiding eye contact--etc. The question is when in the infant's development are these signs clinically significant. A recent study from the MIND Institute finds that symptoms like eye contact--smiling and communicative babbling are not present at 6 months, but develop gradually and only become observable during the latter part of the first year of life in infants. Furthermore, these behaviors appear they decline slowly, not suddenly in infants with autism. So watch your infant from 6 to 12 months and be prepared to start ABA if you notice these declines.

Clinic Notes: Children with Developmental Disabilities and God

According to a recent Schafer Report, Bob Marshall, a legislator in Virginia, said in a press conference that disabled children are God's punishment because mom's had prior abortions. The press conference was a group of 20 or so clergy who were opposed to state funding for Planned Parenthood who provides abortions. Well, I see 40 plus kids in my clinic each week and their parents are struggling with the stress of raising a child with special needs and the last thing they need is to hear is that it's God's punishment. I guess I'm going against God for providing ABA and behavior management for these families. It will be interesting to see what fellow Republican Sarah Palin says about this. And by the way Mr. Marshall, none of the moms of disabled children who come to my clinic had an abortion.

Clinic Notes: Mandatory Insurance Coverage for ABA for Autism

The Virginia Senate Passed a bill requiring insurance companies to pay for ABA, the most effective treatment for autism. The lobbyist for the health insurance company fought hard, but lost. Other opponents argued that the mandated coverage would result in higher coverage, perhaps even forcing some employers to drop insurance coverage for their employees. Autism Speaks said that mandated coverage would increase the cost by $10 to $25 per year. Tennessee, the sate where I live and practice, passed the Autism Equity Act several years ago which said that if insurance companies cover other neurological disorders then they must pay for autism. Parents have told me that when they have called the insurance companies to remind them of this they say their home office is not in Tennessee so they do not have to comply with the bill. Also ERISA, or employee funded insurance companies are exempt. If mandatory insurance coverage for ABA becomes law in Virginia I hope families fare better than Tennessee.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Wakefield

Lancet has formally retracted Dr. Wakefield's paper that purportedly found a link between autism and the MMR vaccine. His "finding" made so much sense. Mercury is toxic to the nervous system and autism is usually diagnosed between the second and third year shortly after the MMR vaccine is given to children. But it was a flawed study and better-done research has found no link. Many parents are still convinced though and yelling cover up by government and the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, it was time for my grandchildren to get their MMR vaccines. I'll admit that I cringed. I know that's it's very difficult for a parent who has a normally developing child to see them regressing after the MMR vaccine. It is not a causal link, but so emotional and hard for parents to put aside. But it is time to move on and look for the real cause of autism.

Clinic Notes: Successful Treatment of Autism Depends on Parental Involvement

Many studies have shown that early diagnosis and intensive therapy is the key to the successful treatment of autism. Multiple therapies including Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication are essential. Parents must not only find a way to pay for these services, but get their children to therapy, which is usually weekly. (Unfortunately, money, or the lack of it, determines what services, if any, a child with autism will receive.) Only a small percentage of parents can afford, or find qualified therapists who will see their child more than once a week. Autism is epidemic and money speaks. Lovaas recommends 40 hours of ABA a week, but who can afford that or find a therapist who will give a single child an entire workweek. So the majority of the therapy--ABA, speech, ot, etc falls to the parent. It's a burden--but one that pays off in the long run.

Clinic Notes: Let's Just Bury our Heads in the Ground and Autism Will Go Away

Well here's a cheap and quick way to cure autism--just say it is not a medical disorder or disability but a "socially created disability," whatever that is. Apparently, that's what President Obama's nominee Ari Ne'eman to a national disability council is saying. Mr. Ne'emans, who has very mild Asperger's, is against investing money in anti-cure autism research. Well, that's going to thrill parents who bring their children with autism to my clinic. I glad that Mr. Ne'emans has overcome his disorder and is in a position to be nominated, but I don't think he would be any parent of a child with autism first choice. I doubt that he has seen children with autism banging their heads or biting themselves. Or children with autism who have developmental delays in all areas including language. I don't know how this was socially created. Perhaps the next time a mother brings her child with autism to my clinic complaining that throwing feces is a problem at home and school I will just say, "That's just a socially created disability."

Clinic Notes: Darwin and Autism

Autism is considered to be a genetic disorder by many and numerous researchers are looking for the "autism gene." The concordance rate for autism (the probability for getting autism) is 60% for identical twins, but drops to between 4-8% for fraternal twins and non-twin siblings. In most cases, the number of individuals with a genetic disorder remains constant in within a population unless an individual with the disorder breeds. In the past ten years there has been an explosion in the number of children diagnosed with autism. If autism is a genetic disorder, then why the dramatic increase? Is it evolving in the population? That would not make sense. Natural selection couldn't be operating here and mutations are unlikely with such an explosion of cases. I wonder if epigenetic markers could be a factor. Epigenetic markers sit on genes and tell them to switch on and off. Stress, diet, etc can cause epigenetic marks can switch genes on and off and affect what is passed on the offspring. So if this idea is correct, and I admit this is a long shot, what happened to the parents of the children with autism that perhaps affected the wiring of their brains? Please email me with your hypotheses.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Diet Redux

Okay another study, this one by Dr. Timothy Buie of Harvard Medical School, says that digestive problems are not more common in kids with autism and special diets do not work. Furthermore, there is no evidence of a "leaky gut" as reported by Andrew Wakefield who first suggested the link between autism and the mercury preservative in measles vaccine. The scientific evidence is overwhelming, but the myth persists. Many children who come to my clinic are on a gluten free diet, but I've never seen any improvement and I have seen very few children with autism who have digestive problems other than being finicky eaters. The special diets cause no harm, other than in some cases, depriving the child of therapies like ABA, which require more effort

Clinic Notes: Does Acetaminophen Cause Autism?

Many parents of children with autism blame the vaccinations that their children were given between 2 and 3, more specifically the Thirmosal preservative (Mercury) used in the vaccine, as the cause of their children's autism. The scientific data do not support this but the argument goes on. Now a new culprit related to the vaccine has been suggested. Acetaminophen, which physicians suggests be given to reduce the fever that can occur following the injection instead of aspirin, which can cause Reye's Syndrome. Well, the change from aspirin to acetaminophen does correlate with the increase in autism, but children are given acetaminophen to reduce fever whenever they are sick and they, along with most children who receive acetaminophen following the vaccines do not get autism. Statistically, anything that has increased along with the increase in autism will correlate. The increase in the use of cell phones would correlate with the increase in autism. But cell phones don't cause autism. Or do they?

Clinic Notes: Help Wanted. Need People with Autism

The children with autism that I see in my clinic are very young, usually between 2 and 6. Most of the older children that I see in my clinic have been coming for years. They all progress at different rates and I wonder about their future. Where will they work, where will they live, will they marry and have children? Well, a report this week gives me a clue into the work future for some of them. Several companies such as Wrigley have hired people with autism as computer systems developers because they are able to focus for long periods of time on detailed tasks that others would get bored. A company in Denmark and another in Chicago hire and train people who have high functioning autism as consultants on data entry and code checking and send them out to work in various industries. So it looks like there will be jobs for the children that I see in my clinic if I can get them to the point that they can manage their sensory problems, follow directions, and communicate.

Clinic Notes: Social Skills and Autism

Autism is primarily a communication disorder. Children with autism may lack functional language or may have language that is functional, except in social situations. For children with autism who lack language then ABA and therapy with a Speech Language Pathologist is essential. But what about the high functioning children with autism or Asperger's.. How do they develop social skills? First of all, they need to be in a classroom where there are other children at their level or above, or they need to be mainstreamed. Of course, just putting them in a regular classroom without social skills training and attention to situations where the stimulation is too great could be a disaster. A child with autism may do find socially in a quiet classroom and have a meltdown in a noisy lunchroom. Second, social skills can be taught using social stories and practicing social skills in a controlled environment where the sensory stimulation can be controlled, as well as potential bullying. This is a lot to ask of a teacher so extra staff need to be trained to work with these higher functioning children. Go to: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/02/AR2009120202884.html?hpid=moreheadlines for an interesting account of how one school is accomplishing this.

This week another study has confirmed what those of us who work with children with autism already know--he earlier the intervention the better. In fact in previous blogs I have mentioned that with ABA started early some children are able to loose their autism diagnosis. That is certainly good news. The bad news is that services are expensive and hard to find. Everyone has a waiting list.
If you child is diagnosed with autism early find out about your state's early intervention program. States are responsible for providing and paying for services until your child reaches age 3. Go to http://www.disabilityresources.org/DRMreg.html and search for services in your state. After age 3 the school system are responsible and this is where the real problems in getting services become apparent. Some school systems are very good about providing and/or paying for services while others are not. Know your rights. Get an advocate to accompany you to your IEP meeting if necessary.
Check your private health insurance policy. Some policies will pay while others will not. As other parents of children with autism what they are doing and also ask your pediatrician for referral information. Unfortunately. Finding services for your child may be a bigger battle than dealing with your child's autism.

Clinic Notes: What do Emotions Look Like to a Child with Autism?

Children with autism have problems identifying emotions in other people. It seems this has to do with facial expressions. But children with autism also have problems identifying and managing their own emotions. Anger, sadness, anxious, happiness, and other emotions are difficult to describe. Joseph and Silvana Karim have two children on the spectrum and after working with their children wrote a book using color to express emotion. For example, anger is hot and therefore red. This approach makes a lot of sense since children with autism seem to do better in the visual modality. Their book also has drills to help the child with autism identify emotions in the facial expression of others and describe their own emotions using their own words. I plan to see if this could be used in a discrete trial format in my ABA clinic.

Clinic Notes: Hyperbaric Chambers and Autism

"Treating" autism is big business. Anecdotal reports have reported that children with autism have shown remarkable gains following exposure to increased oxygen in hyperbaric chambers. Supposedly, the increased oxygen increases blood flow thereby decreases inflammation, which changes the brain chemistry that causes autism. Of course, this is all hypothetical and no double blind randomized studies have been done until now. Researchers at Center for Autism and Related Disorders found no significant effect following hyperbaric therapy. I'm not surprised at the results. What I wonder about is how all this got started? Hyperbaric chambers have a long history in medicine and while there are legitimate uses there are also many times that hyperbaric chambers are used with scant data supporting their use. Furthermore, many of the studies are funded by the manufacturers of the hyperbaric chambers. (See the New York Times review by Jane E. Brody http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/health/10brody.html?_r=2&ref=science

Clinic Notes: Treating Autism in a Rural Area While Waiting for Healthcare Reform

Many children with autism have ADHD like behavior and do well on stimulant drugs. Most pediatricians and family practice physicians have no problem prescribing these medications. But I am a psychologist practicing in a rural area and often see children who have no health insurance or their health insurance won't pay for the treatment of autism. So I'm supposed to treat a child with autism who has no access to a physician, and no way to pay for medication. Well, people in a rural area learn to get by with what they have available and I guess that includes me. Caffeine contains methylxanthine, which is a mild stimulate similar to what is found in ADHD stimulate drugs. (Stimulate drugs often have a paradoxical effect on ADHD behavior--decreasing it rather than increasing it.) Coffee can sometimes be used as a replacement ADHD drug sometimes in children as well as "energy drinks" like Red Bull. The problem is dosage. A child would have to drink a lot of coffee to get the equivalent stimulant effect of a large dose of an ADHD drug. But when only a small dosage in needed caffeine can work.

Clinic Notes: So Long Asperger's. I Hardly Got to Know You.

In 1944 Viennese physician Hans Asperger described a sample of children with high functioning autism who had normal intelligence and language, but were socially awkward and obsessed on various topics. In 1994 the term Asperger's Syndrome was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV. With the autism epidemic more and more children with Asperger's are being diagnosed and treated effectively. Now I have learned that in the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (D.S.M.-V) the "experts" are proposing that the term Asperger's Syndrome be eliminated and simply called Autism Spectrum Disorder. Well what could go wrong there? Asperger's is just now being accepted by the public, and more importantly kids who are diagnosed with Asperger's and call themselves Aspies. Furthermore, there are over 200 thousand websites devoted to Asperger's (many maintained by Aspies) and countless books and articles. Are these going to become obsolete by the vote of a committee?

Clinic Notes: What Has More Research on Autism Told Us?

A decade or so back, when it became apparent that we were in the midst of an "autism epidemic" the call was repeatedly made for more research into the potential causes of autism and effective treatment options. Now so much autism research is being done I have trouble keeping up with it. Well, I think it is time to ask the question, "What have we learned?" from all of the research. Of course trying to answer this question will generate a lot of arguments--some very volatile, but I have no agenda and will try to answer these questions as I see them.
I think the evidence is compelling that in most cases of autism mercury is not involved. When mercury was taken out of vaccines rates did not drop and in countries where vaccinations are not mandatory the rates of autism are the same in vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups.
Secondly, I don't think in most cases of autism gastrointestinal disorders are a factor. Most of the children with autism who have come to my clinic over the years do not have gastrointestinal problems. A recent study at the Mayo Clinic confirmed this. Gastrointestinal disorders do not occur at a higher rate in children with autism.
Chelation therapy, gluten free diets, and hyperbaric chambers do not cure or even improve the lives of children with autism. All evidence to the contrary is anecdotal and has not been confirmed in double-blind studies. I realize this will not set easy with many people. But I am in the trenches, treating autism daily and I just don't see progress in children who have had these therapies and I think the research is as conclusive as research can be. Research should continue, but it is time to move on to areas of research that have more potential.

Clinic Notes: Mercury Levels in Children with Autism

Science is a slow process and sometimes it's not a discovery that is made in a study that is important, but a study or studies that can rule out something as a cause. No one knows what causes autism but several recent studies, combined with previous studies, in my judgment have gone a long way in ruling out two causes of autism. Previously, I wrote a blog on a large Mayo Clinic study that found no differences in the frequency of gastrointestinal disorders in children with autism and normal controls. And now from the Mind Institute at UC Davis we have a large sample study that finds that there was no differences between mercury levels in the blood levels of children with autism and a control group. This study, combined with previous studies that found no relationship, tells me that it is time to move on and investigate other variables that have more potential.

Clinic Notes: There's an App for That

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the most effective treatment for autism. Unfortunately, well-trained ABA therapists are expensive and hard to find. On my website (www.aba4autism.com) I offer an online ABA course for caregivers as well as ABA eBooks, ABA Case Histories, and individual ABA programs. Many parents and other caregivers who have not been able to find and/or pay for an ABA therapist have told me how helpful my website has been for their child with autism. I was watching an iPhone commercial the other day that was talking about all of the apps that could downloaded to the iPhone--apps for everything imaginable and I got to thinking. Why not iPhone apps for ABA? I'm working on it.

Clinic Notes: Autism in Adults

As I have mentioned in previous blogs the incidence of autism is rising. This is well documented by stats put out by the CDC and I see many more children in my clinic now with an autism diagnosis then I did in the past. In the last decade or so many researchers label the rise as an explosion. Well autism is a lifelong disorder and one question that has not been answered is where are the adults with autism now? And how are they functioning? Are we going to have to have massive programs to aid adults with autism when the children we are seeing now grow up? A recent study in England attempts to answer some of these questions. England's National Health Service conducted surveys on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults. In regard to autism, the finding of interest was how many adults with autism there were. Most were unmarried males and the frequency was 1 in 100 adults, which was in line with the stats reported for children. Furthermore, the study did not look at adults with autism living in institutions, which would have raised the incidence of adults with autism even higher. This was a small study, but if it is replicated with a larger sample it is hard to argue that an autism epidemic is taking place.

Clinic Notes: Body Language and Autism

Several years ago I published an article titled, "What Horses Tell Us About Autism." (Available at www.aba4autism.com). In my clinic I had noticed that when given directions children with autism seem to respond much like horses to body language and tone of voice. If the caregiver is hesitant or indicates nonverbally that they do not expect the child to follow directions then the child does not. And vice versa. A recent study in the UK at Durham University investigated the way adults with autism see and/or process body language and then infer inner feeling and emotions. When shown video clips without sound or facial movements the adults had difficulty interpreting emotion even when it was "obvious" such as shaking a fist. As the authors point out this could greatly effect daily social interactions.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Gastrointestinal (GI) Disease

Some parents, autism researchers and clinicians think that autism is caused by GI disease, hence the gluten and casein free diets, and various vitamins and supplements that are given to children with autism. So is there a link between autism and GI disease? A recent large scale Mayo Clinic study has some interesting findings. Most of the children diagnosed with autism and the control subjects had received their care at the Mayo Clinic and detailed information was available for the study. The most interesting finding was that the children with autism did not differ from the control group in the frequency of GI disease. Two symptoms--feeding difficulties and constipation were found more often in the autism group. The researchers note that these two symptoms are probably related to autistic behavior--restrictive diets--lack of fiber, rather than a GI disease. Neither group had celiac disease, which is intolerance to gluten. The authors of the study conclude that GI disease should be treated when it is diagnosed independently from autism. But treating autism without verification of GI disease is not warranted.

Clinic Notes: Early Detection of Autism Redux

Autism is usually diagnosed between the second and third year of life when language fails to develop. (This is also the time when children receive vaccinations for common childhood diseases hence the association between the mercury in the vaccines being the cause of autism, which is still being hotly debated.) As I mentioned in a previous blog some research finds that ABA started as early as 18 months can actually prevent autism. There are no reliable early biological or behavior markers of autism and everyone agrees that if we could diagnosis at an earlier age and start ABA and other treatments then autism could be more effectively treated. According to a recent study, signs of autism appear in the first few weeks of life. Researchers at Flinders University found differences in attention, cognitive, temperament, and sensory processing between children who later developed autism and children who developed normally. If this study is replicated then therapist may be starting ABA and other therapies at a very early age.

Clinic Notes: Autism as a Systemic Disease

As I mentioned in a previous blog, a pediatrician, who's two year old had just been diagnosed with autism, contacted me. She had taken her child to the gastroenterology department at the hospital where she worked and the doctors there told her that autism was a gastric disorder. She went to the immunology department and they told her that autism was an immune deficiency disorder. In the neurology department she was told that autism was a neurological disorder. What is autism she asked me exasperated? I told her that autism is a neurological disorder although some children with autism have gastric and/or immune problems. Mark Hyman, MD now says that our current thinking about autism is all-wrong and autism is a systemic disorder that affects the brain. According to his theory a "toxic environment" triggers genes that cause frequent infections, gut problems, and finally neurological problems that cause the faulty wiring that causes the behavior abnormalities seen in autism. While this is an interesting theory I don't see it in my practice. Usually, I see between 35-40 kids on the autism spectrum each week. Some of these kids are frequently sick and have obvious immune problems. But others are never sick. Some have digestive disorders. Others do not. Some have a positive history of autism in the family while others do not. All have neurological disorders that underlie the symptomatic disorders of autism, which also vary. So what kind of systemic disease causes such variable problems? Are their different types of autism? Different etiologies? I don't see it.

Clinic Notes: Church and Autism

Many parents who bring their children with autism to my clinic complain that their child does not do well in church. Children with autism who have sensory issues may not do well in church because of the noise and the crowd. But at the same time these children, and adults with autism and other disabilities want desperately to take part in church activities. But all too often they feel excluded. I live and practice in the Bible-Belt and attending church is an important issue for families. Having children with autism in church is also an important issue for the church, especially if the child with autism exhibits behavior such as talking non-stop, hand flapping, not staying seated, or engaging in other behaviors, which are disruptive. Many parents get the message, either implicitly or explicitly, that their child with autism is not welcomed in church. The family then becomes even more isolated from society. Not being welcomed at church runs counter to Judeo-Christian and Muslim religions where acceptance of everyone is a central tenet. As the number of children with autism increase, some in the religious community are reaching out with written guidelines to include people with disabilities in all church activities. And this is a good first step. I do know of churches, usually small churches, that have "learned" to not be bothered by the child with autism. But unfortunately this is rare. Hopefully, churches will become more "educated" and accepting of children with autism and other disabilities.

Clinic Notes: Mercury and Autism

Many parents who bring their children with autism to my clinic tell me that their child was developing normally and they thought everything was fine, and then, sometime between the age of 2 and 3 their child began to loose words and regress. The only thing the parents can recall that was different was that the regression happened after the vaccinations that are normally given at that time the regression occurred. Mercury is a heavy metal that is toxic and many people think, that this must be the cause of autism. But if this is true why don't all children get autism? Ok maybe some children are able to metabolize the mercury and other children cannot. But then why did the rates of autism not fall when the mercury was taken out of the vaccine? Furthermore, why are the autism rates the same in vaccinated and non-vaccinated children in countries that do not require vaccinations?
Now at this point I am not ready to clear mercury as a potential cause of autism. A recent study involving more than 6000 women found blood mercury levels rising in American women. This is not surprising. Mercury is increasing in our environment. The number of coal plants that produce electricity are increasing, and a recent survey found that a quarter of the fish found in US streams and lakes have unsafe levels of mercury. (This at a time when health experts are touting fish as a brain food and telling us to increase our consumption of fish.) I also hear that mercury pollution from Chinese coal plants ends up in California soil and is re-released into the air during the fire season. Mercury levels in women accumulate as they age and could affect the fetus. Older mothers are more likely to have a child with autism.) At this point, more research on mercury in the environment and its relation to autism needs to be done.

Clinic Notes: What's Money Got to Do With It??

As socioeconomic status (SES) increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with a serious psychiatric disorder decreases. I can remember when anxiety disorders were reserved for the upper SES and psychosis for the lower SES. And I can recall when autism was rare and studies said it was more common in families with a high SES. As the number of children diagnosed with autism increased more and more children in lower SES were diagnosed with autism. Now a new study In Wisconsin finds that as a families SES increases so does the prevalence of autism. The researchers point out that the differences in their study may be accounted for by differences between the two groups in terms of access to services. I think that without question access to services is the key here as it is everywhere else. Almost everyday I hear about a child in a low SES area that likely has autism, but has not been diagnosed and is not receiving services. Or if they are school age and receiving services it is the same as the other special ed kids--no ABA, no speech, no OT, no pediatric neurologist. Higher SES families either with insurance or private pay are able to get their children services. I have former students who are providing ABA to families in Nashville who are in the country music industry and high SES. Some of these former students are making six figures working with one child and providing intensive ABA. Now I wonder who is going to loose a their autism diagnosis. Money has a lot to do with it.

Clinic Notes: New Autism Rates

As I have mentioned in previous blogs, when I first started practicing nearly 40 years ago I never saw a case of autism. Now children with autism make up nearly 80% of my practice. And according to a new survey by the US Department of Health and Human Services the rates are going up again. Now the autism rates are at 1%. In other words, the odds of a child being diagnosed with autism now are 1 in 63. The new rates still find more boys with autism than girls. But the new stats show something even more interesting. A large number of children diagnosed with autism, over 30%, will loose their diagnosis. Interesting because for years we have been telling parents that autism was a lifelong disorder.

Clinic Notes: Should You Tell a Child That He or She has Autism or Asperger'

This is a question that parents frequently ask in my clinic. And most everyone agrees that it is a good idea to tell the child. Many children on the spectrum already know they are different and if they know their diagnosis then they understand why they are different and they are usually relieved and will accept therapy. And the consensus is that they should be told early.
When I tell parents this they tell me that they are afraid that when a child learns of their diagnosis it will lower, maybe even destroy their self-esteem. Actually though, the child's self-esteem seems to improve because they have their diagnosis to blame for their problems which they see separately from themselves.
At what age a child is told varies and how much you tell a child also varies. Most experts recommend the earlier the better and all the information about their diagnosis should not be given at one time. There are books available to help parents plan their approach. Just Google this blog's title.

Clinic Notes: IPods and Asperger's

I love my IPod. Only the music that I want downloaded at a cheap price. I listen to my IPod when I run, want to relax, work outside, on planes, anywhere that boredom might sit in. I've even thought about doing ABA podcast, but haven't got around to it yet. And I tell mothers who bring their children to my clinic to listen to their IPod when their kids are tantruming. I wasn't surprised to read that IPods are being used to teach social skills to children with Asperger's. Kids with Asperger's have problems deciding what is appropriate and inappropriate social behavior. At a Minneapolis Center for children with Asperger's social stories depicting how to behave in different situations are placed on short videos and slide shows. The kids with Asperger's can watch the relevant videos or slide show before they are in the actual situation and then adapt their behavior. I plan to try this in my clinic with some of my Asperger's kids.

Clinic Notes: When the Baby Boomers Develop Alzheimer's and Today's Kids with Autism Grow Up Who Will Care for Them?

My mother has Alzheimer's and is in an Alzheimer's unit at a local nursing home. She doesn't know us anymore, but she is receiving the best care possible. And she should. It is costing $5000 per month to keep her there and she doesn't get her hair fixed for free anymore. Now that's extra.
In my clinic the parents of the children with autism that I see are worried about what will happen to their children when they grow up. In most states there is a long waiting list for sheltered workshops and group homes and many adults with autism are vegetating in their parents' homes.
My mother's Alzheimer's and the autism epidemic got me to thinking about the future. Could moderate to high functioning children with autism be taught to care for Alzheimer's patients, at least, Alzheimer's patients who were mild to moderate? Children with autism like schedules and with a visual schedule should be able to attend to many of the Alzheimer's patients' needs. Of course, some nursing care would still have to be provided. And children with autism seem to have an affinity for other people who have neurological disorders. It could be done and would save a lot of money. I think the Alzheimer's patients and the adults with autism would enjoy each other. I'm not sure to go about implementing this though. And surely someone would object.

Clinic Notes: Stem Cells and Autism

Several years ago I read an article about a small stem cell company (StemCelInc.) who was trying to develop a cure for Batten Disease, a neurodegenerative disease of childhood. Children with Batten disease progressively loose function at an early age and eventually die. It is a horrible disease. I read all I could find about the company and its efforts and was so impressed that I bought stock, hoping that my small investment would help fund their research efforts. Since then I have bought other stem cells companies and closely followed their research efforts. Several companies, one of which is StemCells Inc., have received approval by the FDA to proceed with Phase 1 studies. In Phase 1 studies the safety of the drug, or procedure, is evaluated. Phase 1 is followed by other Phases to assess the success of the drug, or procedure, and potential side effects. Several companies, including StemCells Inc have now completed Phase 1 trials and the FDA is reviewing the results before allowing clinical trials. With mixed emotion I read in a recent Schafer report that a child with Autism from Maine was receiving stem cell therapy for his autism. Since stem cell therapies have not been permitted beyond Phase 1 trials in the US this child went to Costa Rica for his "therapy." The report mentioned that the treatment was expensive, that's no surprise, and they are starting a support group for parents who are interested. Of course, as a clinician I am very much against this for safety reasons and I feel like the expensive treatment is primarily motivated by greed. But then, if I were a parent of a child with autism I wonder how I would feel.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Gluten

Several years ago a pediatrician contacted me regarding her two-year old child who had just been diagnosed with autism. She worked in a large university hospital and took her child to the Neurology Department for an evaluation and they told her that autism was a neurological disorder. The followed up with an appointment with the Immunology Department and they told her that autism was an immune disorder. Similarly, in the Gastroenterology Department she was told that autism was a gastric disorder. In desperation she contacted me and asked what kind of disorder was autism. I told her in the end autism is a neurological disorder although gastric and immune factors may be involved in the etiology of autism. Previous studies have found a link between autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease. Celiac disease is a gastric disorder, which is treated by a gluten free diet. Gluten is found in wheat products and is in a variety of foods. Many parents have reported improvement in behavior in their children with autism on a gluten free diet. Unfortunately, this claim has not been confirmed in a double-blind study. In a double blind study the person giving the substance, in this case gluten or the absence of gluten, and the person receiving the substance do not know which they are giving or receiving. This is the standard for controlling placebo effects. I would like to see this study done, but I would like to see children in the study restricted to children with autism who also have gastric problems. This still wouldn't be a perfectly controlled study because the children not receiving gluten may simply feel better and therefore act better.

Clinic Notes: Recovering From Autism with ABA

We have been telling parents for years that ABA is the best treatment for autism. But then we quickly add that there is no cure for autism and it is a life long condition. Well, maybe we were wrong. We have had data for some time suggesting that it may be possible to prevent autism in high-risk toddlers by using intensive ABA (See www.aba4autism.com). Now a recent study finds that one in ten children given intense ABA at an early age recover from autism. (See WebMD Health News for details). The results of this study do not surprise me. Many of the kids who started ABA early in my clinic seem to be "normal" by age six or seven. I think the problem now is finding affordable and competent ABA for all of the kids with autism who are out there.

Clinic Notes: The Window to the Mind of Children with Autism

According to poets the eyes are the windows to the soul. I don't know if that is the case, but I do know that for many nonverbal children with autism speech augmentative devices are the windows to the mind. I am still amazed at the cognitive ability that is locked away in many nonverbal children with autism. This cognitive ability becomes unbridled when they learn to push the buttons on a speech augmentative device and generate electronic words. The autism literature says that anywhere from 75 to 90% of children with autism are mentally retarded, but I don't believe it. I am convinced that many children with autism who tested as mentally retarded would loose their mentally retarded diagnosis if they were proficient with a speech augmentative device. But with a 5 to 7 thousand-dollar price tag that won't happen anytime soon.

Clinic Notes: Asperger's and Social Networking

I was surprised to learn that some of the Asperger's kids who come to my clinic have Facebook pages. Their parents have set them up for them and closely monitor their activity. The Asperger's kids post pictures they have taken and post comments. Often, their posts are edited by their parent for content, grammar and punctuation. I doubt that anyone reading their post would guess that they have Asperger's. Writing and socialization is hard for kids with Asperger's and I think that social networking is a great idea. With the parents permission I plan on getting all of the Asperger's kids who come to my clinic a Facebook page.

Clinic Notes: Asperger's and Bullies

All of the children with an Asperger's diagnosis that I see in my clinic are mainstreamed. And that's good until Middle School when testosterone kicks in at puberty and bullying starts. It's like kids with Asperger's have a target on their back that says bully me. Of course other kids besides Asperger's kids are bullied, but for kids with Asperger's it is especially bad because they don't understand social behavior much less anti social behavior. I was especially glad to see that the American Academy of Pediatrics is publishing a policy statement on bullying and recommending a prevention model developed in Norway by Dan Olweus. The Olweus program focuses on the bystanders rather than the bully or the victim. The bystanders are taught that the bully has an anger management problem and they can protect the victim. Hopefully schools will adopt this model and provide training to stop bullying of children with Asperger's as well as the other ¼ surveyed who say they have at times been bullied.

Clinic Notes: Autism in Adults

In a recent article in "Time Magazine" the brother of a man with severe autism describes the life of his autistic brother and the ordeal his parent and now him are dealing with. Noah, who cannot speak or care for himself, bangs his head and pinches himself, and grabs people, spent 15 years in a state facility. His "therapy" has mainly been drugs, which unsuccessfully managed his symptoms. The article was taken from Karl Taro Greenfield's book, Boy Alone: A Brother's Memoir.
Greenfield notes that his parents were exhausted after years of caring for Noah at home and had no choice but to place him in an institution for children with developmental disabilities. They visited weekly and the family served as Noah's support group until he was moved to an assisted living facility. Greenfield notes, as I did in a previous blog, that we are not prepared for the explosion of adults with autism that will be here in a few years. All of the money now is being spent on services and research for children who are growing up.

Clinic Notes: Terrorists Recruiting Asperger's Suicide Bombers?

Apparently, terrorists using the internet helped a British citizen with Asperger's plant a bomb in a restaurant. The bomb went off prematurely injuring the man with Asperger's and causing a stampede in the restaurant. Sentenced in the Old Bailey Court to 18 years in prison the suspect is now undergoing test in a mental hospital. Many of the children with Asperger's that I treat in my clinic have problems with social concepts so I'm not surprised that the terrorists were successful. I suppose this is an isolated incident?

Clinic Notes: Where Will All of the Children with Autism Go

Everyone is concerned now with the rising number of children with autism. Autism diagnoses in California have increased twelve fold in two decades and rates are rising elsewhere. Providing services for these children with autism has placed a heavy burden on education and healthcare with many children unable to get the services they desperately. I practice in a rural area and at The Children's Treatment Center (http://www.childrenstreatmentcenter4autism.com) 70 to 80% of the children that we see have an autism diagnosis. Everyone who provides services for children with autism is overwhelmed. Research is increasing and that is good, but autism likely has more than one cause and there are no good animal models of autism. Since autism involves impaired communication I doubt that we will ever have a good animal model so it's likely that a cure is a long way off. When the children with autism reach adulthood and the school system is no longer responsible for them where will they go? Some will be able to have careers and live independently, but many will require continuing services. I used to be able to get special needs children in sheltered workshops and group homes in a few months, but now the wait is years and because of funding cuts some existing facilities are closing. Unfortunately, the majority are going to be with their parents. Furthermore, these children with autism will probably outlive their parents and who will take care of them then? It is time to start planning.

Clinic Notes: Recovering from Autism

Now there is evidence, some of it anecdotal on You Tube that perhaps 10% of children can recover from autism. Most of these children have received years of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), which started at a very young age. As I wrote about in an earlier blog previous studies have shown that it may be possible to prevent autism in high-risk toddlers with intensive ABA. While this is good news getting insurance coverage for ABA is still a problem. Blue Cross Blue Shield tells parents in the state where I live that ABA is experimental and not covered while Blue Cross Blue Shield in other states has treatment plan forms and suggest CPT codes to the provider for billing for ABA. Come on these are children's lives we are talking about.

Clinic Notes: Vitamin D Deficiency and Autism

The building next door to my clinic is full of tanning beds. Everyday I see a stream of people going in and out year round getting that golden tan under the lights. In the past I have shook my head and pitied them for risking skin cancer just for that back from vacation look. But now I'm not so sure. Some recent research suggest that avoiding the sun causes vitamin D deficiency and may contribute to the development of certain cancers such as prostrate cancer. And a recent study suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be involved in autism. The evidence comes from studies in Minnesota and Sweden involving Somalis immigrants. Their African home was on the equator and they got plenty of sunshine and vitamin D. There was no autism in their native land. In fact, there was no word in their language for autism. But when the Somalis moved the Minnesota and Sweden the incidence of autism in the Somalis soared. The Somalis in Sweden even call it the "Swedish Disease." I wonder now if parent should be dragging their kids to the tanning beds with them. With all the video games and childhood kids don't get outside as much as they used to. Maybe a few minutes in the tanning bed, equipped with video games of course, would cut the rate of autism.

Clinic Notes: The Music of the Spheres and ABA

In normally functioning brains, neurons fire in rhythm. However, in brains which are impaired by various disorders like schizophrenia or autism, the neurons oscillation frequencies are not tuned correctly and fire out of rhythm like band instruments each playing a different song. This behavior of neurons in the brain reminds me of the ancient Pythagoraian concept of universal music or music of the spheres where the sun, the moon, and the planets move in harmony--not an audible harmony, but a geometrical mathematical harmony that prevents chaos. Likewise the neurons in the brain must fire in a normal rhythm in order to process sensory information, thoughts and feelings, and implement speech and movement. In autism, it is obvious that at least parts of the brain are not working right and seem to have different rhythms. Although I have not done any empirical research and know of no studies, in my clinic the pacing or the rhythm of how we do ABA makes a difference in how kids progress. The frequency of breaks, the intensity of the drills makes big difference in the effectiveness of ABA. It's like a dance that must be learned between therapist and child. Perhaps a dance out of autism.

Clinic Notes: Autism as an Insanity Defense

According to a recent Schafer Report, a number of violent criminal cases around the country have employed an insanity defense claiming autism affected the person's ability to distinguish right from wrong. Most insanity defenses rely on schizophrenia or some mental impairment. Individuals with autism or Asperger's Syndrome do have problems with socialization and are often awkward and don't understand social norms. They can be aggressive at times, but rarely violent. Fortunately, "expert doctors" called to testify for the defense or prosecution can be sure to disagree, and juries are usually unwilling to accept the insanity defense anyway. I doubt that anyone will successfully be able to prove that "autism made me do it." At least I hope not. I don't want autism to get a bad name because it is used too often as an insanity defense.

Clinic Notes: Robots, Autism, and ABA

The Today Show recently had a piece on robots, which were designed to "interact" with children with autism. Previous observations have found that children with autism interact with mechanical devices such as touch screen computers or computer generated speech devices better than they do with humans. Hopefully, these specially designed robots could become "playmates" for children and teach them how to make eye contact and develop social skills. In my clinic, and other clinics, we do much the same thing with ABA and at a much cheaper price. Anyone in private practice will tell you that overhead is a curse and no one in private practice would be able to buy or rent one of these robots. Another curse in private practice is dealing with insurance companies. I would worry that even if the price of the robots came down and were affordable, would the insurance companies reimburse the provider for the robots' services?

Clinic Notes: Using Cartoons To Detect Autism at An Early Age

Everyone agrees that the earlier that you start treatment for children with autism the better. In fact some studies indicate that early ABA can even prevent autism. Yale University researchers may have come up with a novel way to detect autism using stick figures playing pat-a- cake in various orientations. They found that whichever way they oriented the figures--upside down--right side up did not mater. The young children with autism paid no attention to them. However, when the figure started clapping and singing in time with the nursery rhyme the child with autism paid attention. Auditory-visual synchronicity was what caught the child's attention. Normal children paid more attention to the figure's movements and ignored the auditory-visual synchronicity.

Clinic Notes: A New Autism Drug

According to several reports online Curemark has received FDA clearance for a Phase III clinical drug called CM-AT for the treatment of autism. CM-AT would be given with meals to help a small subset of children with autism who do not digest protein. Problems in protein digestion can lead to other problems in digestion and a decrease in neurotransmitters.
I recall several years ago a physician who's two year old had just been diagnosed with autism. She took the child to the gastroenterology department of the hospital where she worked and they told her that autism was a gastric disorder, which they could treat. Not satisfied she went to the immunology department and they told her that autism was caused by an immune disorder, which they could treat. Still not satisfied she went to the neurology department where she was told that autism was a neurological disorder, which they could treat. Confused she emailed me and asked what autism was. I told her in the end autism was a neurological disorder, however a subset of children with autism have gastric and immune problems. Hopefully, this new drug will help those children with autism who have gastric problems and perhaps even help us understand autism in general.

Clinic Notes: ABA for ASD, ADD, ADHD, SD, ODD, OCD, TS, and Whatever Else is That is Left in the Alphabet

A syndrome is a collection of symptoms. So if we say a child has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) we know that this child has problems paying attention, is easily distracted, will not stay on task, will not sit still, will get out of his seat, not listen to the teacher, etc. Naming a syndrome such as Autism (ASD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), is the short hand of clinicians as they communicate with each other, patients and their families, and the public. Clinicians also have shorthand for therapies. For example, Applied Behavior Analysis includes a long list of behavior therapies.
In a recent Schafer Report, an article titled, "The Rise of the Alphabet Kids," the author asks if the rise in the use of acronyms, such as ADHD, ASD, or ODD is helping or hindering treatment. In his view many British children have a list of diagnostic letters following their names because they have overlapping disorders. In my clinic I see this all the time. A child comes in with a diagnosis of Autism (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Does the child have both? Or does the child have autism? Or does the child have ADHD? Usually, the child has autism. Many kids with autism have problems paying attention and many kids with autism are hyperactive. In my view, the added ADHD diagnosis is only describing a common feature of autism. The same is true of some of the other alphabet disorders. The added diagnosis is describing a feature of another diagnosis and is redundant. Of course, when you define behavior problems behaviorally (what is observable and measurable) then the problem disappears.

Clinic Notes: Boy Locked Away by Parents for Seven Years

In a recent Schafer report (March 6, 2009) there was a report of a young boy who had been locked in a dark barren room for seven years. He never played with other children, been to the doctor, gone to school, and was beaten by his father. Inquiring neighbors were told by the parents, that the boy was autistic and receiving treatment at home. The parents are going to jail and the young boy will receive therapy and probably be placed in an orphanage or possibly a foster home. Unfortunately, incidents like this happen periodically and I documented several in a case history titled "Wild Child" (Available at http://www.aba4autism.com). Not only are cases like this barbaric, they tend to occur when the child is young and critical periods for the formation of language and other skills are programmed to occur. If this is prevented by the limited environment, then the child does not develop these skills because by the time they are rescued the critical periods are past. In this particular case I see hope. The police said that when they found the boy and took the father into custody, the boy said, "He won't hit me this evening." So it seems that he has some language development.

Clinic Notes: Survey on Physicians Feeling Ill-Equipped to Treat Autism

In a recent survey, (see Schafer Autism Report, March 4, 2009) over 2000 physicians were surveyed about their views on treating autism in their practice. Of note, only 19% responded and those that did respond felt unprepared to treat autism. Primary care physicians, especially pediatricians, are being encouraged to screen young children for autism. And I think they are responding. I am getting more physician initiated requests to do autism evals. Of course, some physicians, such as pediatric neurologists, are involved in treating autism, prescribing medications that are helpful and doing evals. But I'm not sure what the role of primary care physicians should be in treating autism. I'm always looking for a pediatric neurologists to refer children to for medication. But often there is a long waiting period. I guess, with additional training, perhaps primary care physicians could help out there. Also some children with autism have digestive problems and that could possibly be another useful role for primary care physicians. Now pediatric gastroenterologists handle most of these cases and again there is a long wait for appointments usually. Many parents of children with autism are wary of traditional medicine, often blaming vaccines for causing their child's autism. Furthermore, many parents have turned to alternative medicine in treating autism. Other concerns reported by physicians in the survey were reimbursement problems and a lack of training. I think the real question that should be asked is do primary care physicians want to be involved in the treatment of autism.

Clinic Notes: God and ABA

In almost 40 years of clinic work with children I thought I'd seen every problem imaginable and successfully dealt with most. But then a dedicated mother of a child with Asperger's, who was working hard to mainstream him, told me about her child's struggle with the power of prayer. "School is getting harder and harder for me," her child had told her. "Why won't God help me? I pray and pray but He won't help me. Why won't God help me? Mom tried to explain that maybe God was helping by leading the family to my clinic where he received speech and ABA. But I don't think her child bought that. I live and practice in a small southern town and most of the children that I see attend Church regularly. They learn in Sunday School that God answers prayers and Asperger's kids tend to take everything literally. He was praying for help in school, but school wasn't getting any easier. In fact it was getting harder and harder and he couldn't keep up. What could I say? What could I do? I kept up the ABA drills, offered tangible reinforcers and praise. But this child wanted more than I could offer. Tonight, when this child comes for his appointment, I am going to do something I have never done. We are going to say a little prayer before we start.

Clinic Notes: Where Were All the Asperger's Children When I was Growing Up?

Children with Asperger's Syndrome tend to have social problems and eccentric behavior. Their verbal behavior, especially conversation, is often described as unusual. Speech is often abnormal with problems in inflection and their speech also tends to be repetitive. Children and adults with Asperger's tend to perseverate on certain topics in their conversation and not understand that they may be boring others. Although the diagnosis has been around since 1944, only recently are children being regularly diagnosed with Asperger's. This got me to thinking about kids I grew up with, teachers I had in school, and "characters" I have run into or heard people talk about that were described as weird, geeks, strange, not all there, delinquents, etc. Did any of them have Asperger's? And if they did what happened to them?
I do remember many of these kids were bullied and picked on and everyone made fun of them. They were also always in trouble. Interestingly, I don't remember any of them being in special ed or receiving special services such as speech, OT, or ABA. Recently, I was able to track down some of these kids I had known in elementary school on my high school website. Of course this is not a precise statistical scientific study, but they all seemed to be doing ok. They had families and good jobs. I wish I had been nicer to them back then. But now that I've tracked them down I don't worry as much now about how the kids with Asperger' who come to my clinic are going to turn out. I'm thinking they will do just fine.

Clinic Notes: Is the Increased in the Number of Children Diagnosed with Autism Real?

In a previous blog I responded to this question, but now a new study came out and in the February Issue of Epidemiology, which found that most of the increase is real. The authors state that only a third of the increase could be accounted for by changes in diagnostic criteria. Other researchers conclude that the autism epidemic is caused by diagnosing children with mental retardation and learning disabilities as autistic. I don't buy it. In my clinic I am seeing the same number of children in other diagnostic categories, but a geometric increase in the number of children with autism. We need to be looking for the cause of the increase and not arguing about whether or not it is real.

Clinic Notes: Do You Know Where Your Child with Autism Is?

Every year one or two of the kids with autism who comes to my clinic gets lost. Mom is carrying in the groceries and thinks her child is behind her, but they have darted off someplace. Or a child with autism can't sleep and gets up during the night and wanders out of the house. I caution parents about security and double locks on the doors, but some child always gets away. A civic organization in my community brought GPS bracelets for all of the children with autism who live in the county and a GPS tracker for the Sheriff Department and that has helped a lot. But some of the children don't get the bracelets or take them off and get lost. So far all have been found safe, but tragedies have been reported in other communities.
Google upgraded its mobile maps and tracking people who have a mobile phone is now going to be as easy as surfing the internet. Of course, some type of sensor will have to be made available for children with autism, hopefully something they can't take off easily, but that shouldn't be a big problem. I don't know how many children with autism are lost each year and drown or suffer some injury or other fatality each year. If this new Google technology saves just one child it would be worth it. And I wouldn't be surprised if Google would foot the bill.

Clinic Notes: Parenting a Child with Autism

Most of the children I see in my clinic each week have a diagnosis of autism. Over half of the children we see we are able to mainstream, but it is apparent to everyone that these children will never be completely normal. Parents of these higher functioning children with autism will be able to lead a semi-normal life. For parents of children with moderate to severe autism are not as fortunate. In a recent Schafer Report (January 23, 2009), two articles discuss how having a child with autism "wrecks a parents' life." Furthermore, Dr. Fitzpatrick, author of Defeating Autism: A Damaging Delusion argues that various biomedical treatments that promise to defeat autism now are offering a "false promise" to "grieving " parents.
In my experience, biomedical treatments have not lived up to their promise and multiple disciplines-speech, occupational therapy for fine motor deficits, ABA, and for some kids medication are the only effective therapies. While these therapies can make life better for the child and the parents they do not come anywhere close to curing autism. Certainly, having a child with autism can wreck a parents' life, but getting competent services can help.

Clinic Notes: What the Future Holds for the Child with Autism

Here's a stat to think about. At least 80% of 19 to 30 year old adults with autism are still living at home. Now factor in the increasing numbers of children with autism and it is not hard to forecast a crisis coming in a decade or so. It wasn't long ago that when one of the children in my clinic reached 18 and graduated from high school that I could get them in a group home and a sheltered workshop in a few months. Now it takes years, if it ever happens, because the waiting list is so long and few new group homes and sheltered workshops are being built. In my clinic we mainstream over 50% of the kids with autism we see. I don't know many of these kids will be able to find mainstream jobs when they grow up. So more kids being diagnosed with autism now means more adults with autism in the future. For those of us who work in the autism field it looks like we are getting an autism sandwich.

Clinic Notes: Testosterone in the Womb Related to Autistic Characteristics in Children

Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his associates at Cambridge have found that babies exposed to high levels of testosterone in the womb have autistic traits such as poor social skills, a lack of imagination, a lack of empathy, less eye contact, and slower language development. This finding supports Baron-Cohen's hypothesis of "extreme male brains" in children with autism. (I note excessive body hair in any of the children with autism that I see in my clinic so I am not surprised.) This finding could lead to a prenatal test for autism and ABA could be started at an early age perhaps preventing autism.

Clinic Notes: Scientology and Autism

Jett Travolta's death is tragic. There is a lot of speculation regarding the role of Scientology in his death with some suggesting that his seizures could have been easily controlled with medication. In my clinic I see many children with various seizure disorders, as well as children with autism, 30%, of whom have seizures. Any pediatric neurologist will tell you that sometimes seizures can be hard to control with medication or a combination of medications. Usually the next step is to implant a vagus nerve stimulator, which delivers a mild shock to the brain when seizures start. Often this works, but not always. Surgery is the next step--cutting the corpus callosum, which connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain or more drastically removing a hemisphere. All of these procedures have side effects and often a decision has to be made as to whether or not the patient would be better off without treatment. I don't know the details of the Travolta case and I certainly take issue with Scientology's view of autism. But in this tragic case I think it is best for everyone to stop writing and speculating and give the family some privacy. And peace.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Timeout

Well it happened again. A child placed in a "seclusion room" or timeout room without supervision hanged himself. Timeout is an often used and mis-used procedure. When done properly it is very effective. When done improperly it is not effective and is some rare cases deadly. No child should be placed in a room alone without an responsible person observing the child all the time. On my website, www.aba4autism.com I give specific information for using timeout and when not to use time out. There needs to be rules enacted to regulate the use of timeout. Timeout does not need to be banned or abuse will increase.

Clinic Notes: The Cost of Autism

According to a recent Schafer Report article, over half a million families who have a child with autism are having financial problems. They pay more for autism treatment than parents of children who have other chronic diseases. I am not surprised. In my clinic I see this everyday. Children with autism need ABA, which insurance companies call "experimental" and do not want to pay for. School systems do not want to pay either even though ABA is the most effective treatment. Sending teachers to an ABA workshop is enough they tell parents. Of course, OT, SLP, and other therapies are also necessary and expensive. And these therapies may be needed for years. If we can start these therapies early we can mainstream many kids with autism and ultimately save money if these children can become self-supporting as many can. Hopefully, the new administration's health care plan will provide some relief to these families.

Autism and the Christmas Holidays

I am reposting this from a previous blog for the holidays
12-1-05
I have had many parents of children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders tell me that the Christmas holidays are an especially difficult time for them. Of course, any holiday can be difficult for any child with the changes in routine. But Christmas is usually the most difficult holiday for parents of children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders.
There are no sure-fire techniques to use with your child that will insure a "Martha Stewart Christmas." Families who have children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders have used the following 10 tips to make their Christmas better. And this year I'm adding a new suggestion to the list.
Several years ago Leigh Grannon and I did a study using pictures to increase social interactions in a child with autism. Children with autism are visual learners, and I have suggested to parents that they take pictures of what is going to happen at Christmas--the tree, the gifts, the relatives--and starting several weeks before Christmas show these pictures repeatedly to the child with autism. Tell a little story to the child while he/she is looking at the picture about how to behave, what's going to happen, and what the child can do if it is too much. Include your child in the pictures if possible. A picture of the child going to his room to escape the noise and confusion when he/she gets overloaded seems to help, too.
1. Try to keep your child in his or her usual routine as much as possible.
2. Sensory over stimulation—the lights, the sounds, the smells, the relatives touching your child--are the main culprits during the holidays. Eliminating or minimizing these culprits are your best bet.
3. Some families who have children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders wait until Christmas Eve to put up their tree and decorate.
4. Some families let their children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders do all of the decorating. Children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders may line up or stack decorations rather than decorate in the traditional way, but so what.
5. Rather than try to do the Christmas shopping with children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders in a crowded, noisy mall, many families shop by catalogue or online and let the child point to or circle the toys he/she wants. Websites, such as www.stars4kidz.com, offer a variety of toys for children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders. Just type "autism toys" in your search engine.
6. Tactile toys are often a better choice for children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders. Toys that make sounds or involve too much stimulation or are too complex may not cause an aversive reaction in the child. As mentioned above there are web sites that sell toys designed for children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders. Try ordering some of these toys and then let your child select the ones to play with as they are unwrapped.
7. Talk to relatives before they come over about the best way to behave with children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders. Have them read my article, “What Horses Tell Us About Autism,” which is available for free on the second page of my website.
8. Generally, kids with autism or other neuropsychological disorders do better in the morning than in the late afternoon or evening when they are tired. It may be better to schedule Christmas events at these times.
9. The parents of children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders need to relax themselves. Often the child with autism picks up on the parents’ stress and that is enough to ruin Christmas.
10. And last but not least, realize that you are probably not going to have a perfect food, perfect decorations, and perfect gifts. Christmas with children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders may not be traditional, but it can still have real meaning. (Sometimes I wonder if children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders know that Christmas has become too commercial.)
I wish you and your child the happiest of holidays.
Gary Brown, Ph.D Psychologist/HSP
(Thanks to the mothers of children with autism or other neuropsychological disorders who helped me with this post.)

Clinic Notes: Will We Ever Find the Cause of Autism

Recently, it was reported that a link between rainfall and autism had been found. Children who live in cold rainy areas such as the Pacific Northwest have a higher rate of autism. The author of the study theorizes that the rain keeps the children inside where they are exposed to more toxins, electromagnetic waves, etc. It is possible to find statistical correlations with the increasing rate of autism and anything else that has increased since the early 1990's. Normally, correlations give us a clue as where to conduct more controlled studies to establish causal relationships. The problem is that science has to be ethical. So obviously we could not randomly choose a group of children and raise them in a rainy environment to see if they developed more autism cases compared to a control group. One way out of this is to develop animal models of autism as is done with other diseases. But then another problem arises with animals because a prominent feature of autism is language which is not present in experimental animals. I expect that we will see numerous studies correlating autism with numerous other variables (we have published correlation studies in this area), but then we will have great difficulty in establishing causality.

Clinic Notes: Denis Leary on Autism

"Why We Suck: A Feel-Good Guide to Staying Fat, Loud, Lazy and Stupid," by actor Denis Leary is apparently not on the New York Times Best Seller List. What to do? How about a few stupid SAVAGE statements about autism that will make the news and get some free publicity. And I quote from Mr. Leary: "There is a huge boom in autism right now because inattentive mothers and competitive dads want an explanation for why their dumb-ass kids can't compete academically, so they throw money into the happy laps of shrinks . . . to get back diagnoses that help explain away the deficiencies of their junior morons. I don't give a [bleep] what these crackerjack whack jobs tell you - yer kid is NOT autistic. He's just stupid. Or lazy. Or both."
I sure hope sales don't increase!

Clinic Notes: Who Pays for ABA?

ABA is the treatment of choice for autism. But finding qualified ABA therapists, Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) and not someone who has been to a few ABA workshops, and paying for ABA are two roadblocks. Insurance companies argue that they should not pay because ABA is really more educational than medical and education is the responsibility of the public schools. Furthermore, the insurance companies argue that if they pay for ABA everyone's premiums will go up. Of course, the public schools make much the same argument--money and staff. Okay so who should pay? I know of wealthy families paying six figures a year for ABA and I know of families who cannot get any ABA. One point is who is going to pay when the kids are 21 and sitting in their parents living room with no place to go. And a parent has to stop working to stay home with their child with autism..

Clinic Notes: Mental Health Parity and ABA for Autism

Well today the Mental Health Parity bill passed in the House after decades of close votes. Oddly, the Mental Health Parity bill passed because it was linked to the 700 Billion Wall Street Bailout bill. The President says he will sign the bill. Mental Helath parity requires insurance companies to not discriminate in coverage for mental illness and physical illness. Okay this sounds great, but I'm wondering how autism will fare. Often when we seek pre authorization from insurance companies to cover services for a child diagnosed with autism we are told that we should submit to the insurance companies BHO (Behavioral Health Organization.) Some states have passed an autism equity act stating that autism is a neurological disorder and that if the insurance company's policy cover other neurological disorders it must pay for treatment for autism. (Some insurance companies will not pay for ABA because it is considered experimental despite the fact that the Surgeon General and NIMH recommend it as the treatment of choice.) So what, if anything, does the Mental Health Parity Bill do to ABA and autism coverage? Will BHO's disappear? Stay tuned.

Clinic Notes: NIH Cancels Autism Study

Chelation removes heavy metals from the body and is an effective treatment for lead poisoning. Many people believe that mercury in childhood vaccines causes autism so removing the mercury by chelation should be an effective treatment for autism. There are risks associated with chelation and the NIH decided that the risk of exposing children to chelation was unwarranted. Since many studies do not show a causal relationship between mercury and autism this was probably a wise move. Furthermore, the single case reports on chelation as an effective therapy are lacking. I have kids coming to my clinic who are undergoing chelation and I cannot see any improvement. I wish there was a quick fix for autism like chelation. I'd send all of my ABA patients.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Puberty and ABA

There is an old maxim in neuroscience, which states that anything that affects the normal brain affects the neurologically impaired brain to a greater extent. So usually fatigue, fever, injury, etc. will show up sooner and be more detrimental to a child with autism or other neurodevelopment disorders. Puberty, with its unleashing of hormones, is a difficult time for all children, but sometimes has a greater impact on children with autism. Longitudinal studies on children with autism find a setback in less than a forth of the children followed by recovery. In males I see an increase in aggression and in females difficulty in making decisions. I set up or re-initiate the ABA programs for compliance, which we run we often run with children with autism and related disorders when they first come into our clinic. In females I have found that birth control pills in addition to the compliance programs usually help.

Clinic Notes: Is Savage Right? Are Children with Autism Just Brats?

Nationally syndicated talk show host, Michael Savage said on his July 16 radio talk show "I'll tell you what autism is. In 99 percent of the cases, it's a brat who hasn't been told to cut the act out. That's what autism is. What do you mean they scream and they're silent? They don't have a father around to tell them, 'Don't act like a moron. You'll get nowhere in life. Stop acting like a putz. Straighten up. Act like a man. Don't sit there crying and screaming, idiot.' " Savage concluded, "If I behaved like a fool, my father called me a fool. And he said to me, 'Don't behave like a fool.' The worst thing he said -- 'Don't behave like a fool. Don't be anybody's dummy. Don't sound like an idiot. Don't act like a girl. Don't cry.' That's what I was raised with. That's what you should raise your children with. Stop with the sensitivity training. You're turning your son into a girl, and you're turning your nation into a nation of losers and beaten men. That's why we have the politicians we have."
Well, you can imagine the response of parents with children with autism and the autism support groups. Autism is a neurological disorder and there is impairment in communication, sensory processing, and other neurological processes. Children with autism need multiple services such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech, Occupational Therapy, and often medication. Autism also has a genetic basis. Certainly autism is more than brat behavior; however, some children with autism are noncompliant and do not follow directions. Often in our clinic one of the first ABA programs we run is following directions. Sometimes this is related to autism and sometimes noncompliant brat like behavior. But even after these children are compliant and not tantruming there are many behavior left over that are related to autism and the usual parenting techniques do not work. Parents of children with autism who have heard Savage's remarks have all told me one thing. They would like Savage to spend a day with their child with autism.

Clinic Notes: The Children's Treatment Center for Autism or other Childhood Developmental Disorders

Go to http://www.childrenstreatmentcenter4autism.com and check out our new web page.

Clinic Notes: What does the Child with Autism See?

Most of the sensory information humans process is in the visual modality. And while children with autism often do not make eye contact it is assumed that most of the sensory issues in autism are in the auditory and tactile modality. This is most obvious when children with autism cover their ears in the presence of certain sounds or are tactile defensive refusing to wear certain fabrics or not liking to be touched. Problems in the visual modality are less apparent at times, but research has identified problems. For example, some anecdotal studies as well as empirical studies suggest that human faces are seen as either distorted or blank. Furthermore, children with autism seem to focus more on the mouth of the person speaking rather than the eyes. Some studies suggest that some children with autism have Prosopagnosia or face blindness, which cause social as well as other problems. Of course, these studies have an inferential component and I am still wondering what a child with autism really sees. I have planned a series of drawings that I hope can capture what I think the child with autism possibly sees.

Clinic Notes: Prosopagnosia (Face blindness), Autism, and Art Therapy

Prosopagnosia is a neurological condition where people have difficulty recognizing faces. The disorder may be genetic, caused by strokes, or head trauma. Children with autism or Asperger's may also have Prosopagnosia. Some studies have shown that children with autism and Prosopagnosia have less difficulty sometimes if faces are presented upside down. Other studies suggest that children with autism fixate on certain parts of a face and do not see the entire face. It as been suggested that one reason that children with autism have problems understanding emotions in other people is because of Prosopagnosia.
I remember when I was working in a head trauma clinic I encountered patients with Prosopagnosia and the only thing I could suggest was for everyone to wear name tags. Now I wonder if children with Prosopagnosia would profit from "art therapy" where they learned to draw faces. In my clinic we are in the process of identifying children with Prosopagnosia and starting art therapy.

Clinic Notes: Would it be Better to Know if Your Child Is Going to Have Autism?

Autism is usually not diagnosed until the second year of life when language begins to develop. There is some evidence that signs of autism are present much earlier and also that very early ABA intervention might even prevent the development of autism. So the hunt is on to develop a screening instrument for very young children. But some parents are up in arms. They are afraid that the idea that bad parenting will come back. I don't understand their concern. With any disease early detection is always better. So why not with autism?

ABA for Iraqi Child with Autism

I received the email below at my website and with permission reproduced it below. Parents worldwide have problems getting services. This Iraqi mother makes the most of her situation.
Dear Dr.Brown;
Thank you very much, I am really appreciate every single word I read from the ABA e-book, ABA course & Case History eBook. I was completely lost in this country. I am Iraqi dentist and live in United Arab Emirates. I did assessment for my son, age 3 years and 6 months, here by the only specialist in Dubai who had certificate in Autism from Birmingham in UK. She gave him diagnosis of Autism. I showed her a video which helped a lot in the assessment and she told me we will start our treatment with Resperidal. I was surprise by her treatment because she didn't start with any behavior management first to see if the child can be improve or not. I left her clinic and never went back. I visited few autism centers in UAE. They are just starting to give attention to Autism in this country and they gives the priority to the local people (UAE citizenship) and put the others on the waiting list for a years. So I have been dedicated my time searching and reading about Autism since I got the diagnosis trying to help my son. I made food intolerance test for him and the result shows that he should avoid Dairy and wheat product and some other foods also. I already start with him 3 months ago Casein Gluten free diet according to the research I saw from internet. This diet is really effective it improve his eye contact, he stop searching for hair to eat (pica), he start imitate , decrease in hyperactivity, improve in the relation with siblings. He has normal manual dexterity (eating by himself, walking, wearing his cloths with simple assistants). I engaged him in playing group (nursery for typical children ) and he is happy with that but no communication with other children. Before I read your course I start doing my best with him to start verbal communication (he has no words at all), so I start taking pictures for the different foods he eat, bath room, swing,.etc,every time I gave him a food I showed him the picture and tell him the name, after few days I start to show him the pictures especially the fruit that he likes to eat and every time he say the name I say bravo and give him that fruit as reinforcement (ex. if I showed him picture of grapes and he said grapes. I take him directly to the kitchen and give him grapes). It was very effective way and he has now 11 words so far. After I read your course I start with him ABA program. He refused riding bicycle and by using method of successive approximations (shaping);
1- I holding him and let him sit on the bike ( good boy, he will riding bicycle ) then as he stay few second sit ,I give him reinforcement ( I used mixed fruit sweet it is with out milk as he should avoid dairy ) .
2- I fixed his foots on the puddle and I stand in front of him and pulling the bike toward me by (saying come to me Hamza) his foots just pushed the puddles ,(good boy , riding bicycle. and give him reinforcement directly )
3- I stand little bit few steps away and call him (come to me), he push the puddles and once he touch me I give him the reinforcement directly, I never so him happy as he was that day (at that time I wish you Dr. brown be there so I can give you a kiss over your head, God please you).
4- After I that I increase the distant and the direction gradually .actually this improve this eye contact, follow the direction and compliant all at the same time.
Now I am working with caregiver in the nursery to make him stop the behavior excess (dangerous climbing).
I will answer all your quizzes and send it to you.

Sorry for the long email

Kindest Regards
I. H.
UAE

Clinic Notes: ABA for Grandmothers with Autism

When I came in the clinic this morning I checked the messages on the answering machine like I always do. The messages were the usual--parents wanting evaluations on their children--others with a diagnosis wanting treatment. Other messages were from school systems, doctors, speech language pathologists, and other agencies and professionals wanting information on children that I was seeing--nothing different. I thought. I returned as many calls as I could before my appointments started and ran into something different. A grandmother with several grandchildren requested an autism evaluation. I asked her how old her grandchildren were and she informed me that I didn't understand. The autism evaluation was not her grandchildren. The autism evaluation was for her. I apologized and asked her why she thought she had autism. It was because her grandchildren were acting different she said. She thought they might have autism and had got it from her. That's a backward way of looking at autism I thought to myself. Then I wondered if indeed this backward way of looking at autism was autistic behavior. And I wondered if anyone was doing ABA with grandmothers with autism.

Clinic Notes: Language and Autism

Language and speech problems are apparent in children with autism. Many children with autism only understand the literal aspects of language and not what is implied or metaphorical. For example, I was recently trying to get a new child diagnosed with autism to interact with me. I rolled a ball to him and said, "Roll it back". He picked up the ball, put it behind his head and let it roll down his back. I had not said, "Roll the ball back to me." The implied part of the sentence did not register. Idioms are another real problem. If I say to a child with autism, "It's raining cats and doges," they look at me like I'm crazy. One of the children I see with autism got mad at one of her relatives that she ad not seen in a while. The relative said, "You are growing like a weed." The child was insulted because she thought the relative was calling her a weed and did not get the metaphor.

Clinic Notes: Autism Week is Almost Over and There's Not Much to Celebrate

Forty years ago I saw a case or two of autism every couple of years. Now seventy to eighty percent of the children that I see each week have a diagnosis of autism. I have a long waiting list and most of the kids on my waiting list will also end up with an autism diagnosis. We do mainstream fifty percent of the children with autism that we see on a regular schedule and that's certainly something to celebrate. But I worry about the other fifty percent and the children that I see and the other children in the rural area where I practice that I don't see because of funding or other issues. Every Psychologists, Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA), Speech Language Pathologists, Occupational Therapists, and Pediaric Numerologists I know tell the same story. Too many kids with autism and not enough providers. Parents of children with autism from all over the world email me at my website and complain about finding and paying for services. I feel like we are at war and our children are being taken from us in ever increasing numbers. And it is long past the time for mobilization. Hopefully, when autism week comes around next year there will be more to celebrate.

Additional Online Survey Question: Veins and Autism

We are conducting a survey on the potential causes of autism. We are analyzing data now from a larger study and hope to have the report completed by summer 2008. Currently, we have almost 3000 surveys. We have an additional issue we wish to explore concerning the presence of veins on the temples. We need mothers of normally developing children as well as those mothers with autism so we have a comparison group.
There are only 8 questions and will only take a couple of minutes to complete. By clicking on the submit button you are consenting to participating in this study. If you have any questions or concerns you can contact Dr. Angie MacKewn in the psychology department at the University of Tennessee at Martin at amackewn@utm.edu or 731-881-7370.
Thank you for taking the time to complete this brief survey.
If your child is normally developing thanks for participating so we can have a control group. Please go to http://www.aba4autism.com and click on the survey link. Thanks Dr. Brown

Twilight's Children:#1

Twilight's Children:
Research and Clinic Notes on ABA and Autism #1
Forward
The soft light that appears when the sun is still below the horizon, either at daybreak to sunrise or sunset to nightfall is defined as twilight. The children with autism that I treat in my clinic are like the twilight. With intensive therapy they are going to brighten like the earth brightens at sunrise, or unfortunately, as is sometimes the case with severe regressive autism or a failure to continue therapy, dim like the earth dims as night falls. What follows are some of my clinic and research notes on these extraordinary children whose numbers are now epidemic.

Introduction: A Short History of Autism

The history of autism is relativity short, unless you accept Bruno Beitleheim's suggestion that feral or wild children were really children with autism. He argues that feral children were abandoned autistic children. Since they couldn’t speak, it was assumed by the people who found them, that these kids were raised in the wild by animals. (For a case history and modern day examples of feral children see my eBook at http:www.aba4autism.com).
The history of autism starts in 1943, when an American psychiatrist named Leo Kanner published the first paper on autism. The word “autism” comes from the Greek word “autos” or “self” and Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, first used the term in 1912. “Autistic thinking” did not involve outside reality, but only the individual’s inner thoughts or feelings. Bleuler thought schizophrenics were locked into this way of thinking. Kanner used the term autism to describe the extreme social disinterest he observed in a small sample of young children, and thought the disorder was congenital.
In 1944, paper published by Austrian psychiatrist Hans Asperger described a similar sample, which developed speech and functioned at a much higher level. The diagnostic label “Asperger’s Syndrome” was later coined for these children and added to DSM to go along with Kanner’s autism. Whether the kids Asperger observed were just high functioning autistic kids or a different syndrome is still debated. (At present we have a large-scale study underway, which will hopefully break down the Autism Spectrum into more definitive diagnoses.
Psychoanalyst Bruno blamed all the moms for autism. These so-called “refrigerator mothers,” who were emotionally cold and rejecting, caused a psychosis in their children which was similar to schizophrenia. (Actually, very few autistic children actually develop adult schizophrenia.) Unfortunately, mothers at the time not only had to deal with an autistic child, they also had to deal with their guilt.
Bad parenting does not cause autism. There is a genetic component to autism that is being investigated extensively. But genetics cannot be the whole story. Something else has to be involved either pre or post natal. The MMR vaccinations that children receive, viruses, allergies and food sensitivities, toxins and pollution in the environment, and dysfunctional immune systems are all being investigated as possible causes of autism. I expect that after more research is done--perhaps years more--that autism will be like cancer. Many types of autism and many causes of autism will be found. And of course, many treatments. Fortunately, autism is treatable now with ABA, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and a handful of medications.

Clinic Notes: Broken Promises in a Bottle

Broken promises in a bottle is not a lyric in a country song, but it could be a title to a bad country song that five year old Janie hears three or four times a week. Janie's mom is an alcoholic and former recreational drug user who has lost custody of her children. The court awarded custody to the grandparents. When mom calls every night she tells Janie that that she is going to come and get her the next day and take her to a movie, or the playground, or perhaps McDonalds for lunch. Janie gets excited and the next day waits patiently for her mom to pick her up. But mom never comes. Now Janie cries when she hangs up the phone after talking to her mother, because she knows that mom is going to not come the next day as she promised. Of course, Janie is learning to not trust people. Alcoholics and drug addicts are always going to leave causalities in their wake. Janie has a learning disability because her mom did drugs while she was pregnant and I had been doing ABA and behavior management for school problems. Her grandparents asked me if I could help. Social Stories are the only therapy that I know of that would be appropriate in a case like this. So I have been writing social stories on alcohol and drugs and broken promises and going over them with Janie. It's a lot for a five year old to take in. But Janie is not crying anymore.

Through the Looking Glass: ABA in Wonderland

A diagnosis of autism in a child can be horrible news for the family. Of course, after the diagnosis the physician or psychologist discusses the services the child will need to overcome autism and hopefully mainstream in the school system. According to the CDC and other government heath care agencies, as well as and most health care professionals now realize that Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is the treatment of choice. ABA will teach the child with autism to follow directions, not tantrum or be aggressive, and make it easier for speech, OT, teachers, and other professionals to work with these children. After getting a diagnosis of autism and information on services the real fun begins for parents. Usually, finding someone competent to do ABA with their child and how to pay becomes an issue. (Usually insurance companies say that ABA is experimental and will not pay.) ABA providers range from Psychologists with Ph.D's who are licensed Health Care Providers (HSP) to someone who has been to a few workshops. Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) hold Master's degrees and have specified graduate courses in ABA, a long supervised internship, and must pass a comprehensive national exam. In my view BCBA's hold the minimum qualifications. Of course there are not enough Psychologist and BCBA's around and the ones that are around are booked up and have long waiting lists. So many parents find themselves looking for ABA because it is the single most effective treatment for autism and wondering why it is not more widely available.

Clinic Notes: Prognosis for a Child with Autism

Every parent wants to know what the future holds for his or her child. And this is especially true for a child with a disability such as autism. What is the prognosis for a child with autism? Well years ago I remember reading articles asking what happens to children with autism when they become adults? Back then children with autism just seemed to disappear--absorbed into society in one-way or another. The stats were 1 in 2500, later 1 in 500. But now with 1 in 150 children with an autism diagnosis how will the picture look like when these kids are grown?
Last week one parent told me that a speech-language pathologist told her that her child had severe autism and would never amount to anything. This seemed to me a very cruel thing to say to a mother, but setting that aside how accurate was this prediction? I remember reading that 50% of children with autism also had mental retardation and 10% were savant. But I wonder about the accuracy of this statement because I know a lot of children with autism have performance deficits. In other words, they know the correct answer to a question, but choose to not give the correct answer for one reason or another. If 50% of children behave as if they have mental retardation what programs will be available for them after they leave the school system? (Group homes and sheltered workshops now have long waiting lists.) I have not seen this problem addressed by any candidate running for any office. Maybe children with autism will just be absorbed into society when they grow up like they were in the past. But I doubt it.

Clinic Notes: Does the Autism Apple Fall Far from the Tree?

When I have a new child come into the clinic, and I am taking a history, I ask the parents if anyone else in the family has an autism diagnosis. The answer is almost always no. But often, after weeks of therapy, one or both parents, after having learned more about autism, often state that they wonder if they have autism. (And sometimes after getting to know the parents I wonder too.) Parents of children with autism analyze their past development and either interpret or misinterpret some of their behavior as autistic. This seems to be especially true of certain high tech professions.
Much the same thing is true of other maladies such as bipolar disorder, depression, and alcoholism. But these disorders usually show up in adults and not children. So instead of parents seeing themselves as perhaps having the same autistic behaviors as their children, children, especially grown children, see (blame) their bipolar, depressive, alcoholic behaviors in their parents.

Clinic Notes: Autism and Fever

A recent study in the journal Pediatrics reports that high fever decreases the symptoms of autism. Many parents have already observed this relationship, but this is the first study that documents the effect. Clinicians have also documented this effect. In 1980, a viral epidemic causing high fever hit Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in New York. All of the staff there noticed an improvement in the autistic children they worked with. Sadly, after a few days, the fever dissipated and all of the children became autistic again." The improvement can be very dramatic, sometimes like a metamorphosis in which the child with autism or some other neuropsychological disorder becomes almost normal when they are running a high fever. I present such a case history, titled the "The Sometimes Son" in my case history eBook, Little Bubba's Not Ready for Nashville Yet. (http://www.aba4autism.com)

Clinic Notes: Early Signs of Autism

Pediatricians are recommending that children be screened for autism at 18 months and again at 2 years of age. There is no question that early intervention helps and this is certainly a step in the right direction. Usually, parents are the first to notice that something is wrong, but are sometimes hesitant to take action for one reason or another. Without question this early screening will result in more false positives but that can't be helped. I have a link on my website, www.aba4autism, for parents who are interested in reading about the early signs of autism

Clinic Notes: The Autism-Vaccine Debate: Stat 101. Correlation and Causality

Autism takes two forms: Infantile, which is present form infancy, and regressive where the child develops normally and then between 2 and 3 years of age begins to loose language and appropriate social behavior. Often self-stim and sensory problems also put in an appearance at this time. Of course, concerned parents look for a cause and the only thing that they note that was different was the MMR vaccine that there child received before autism began to develop. Further inquiry by the parents finds that the vaccine contained mercury, which is known to be toxic to the brain.
Congressional hearings have been held, research supporting and refuting the mercury-autism link has been presented and mercury has been removed from vaccines, but the debate goes on.
Stat 101. Much of the retrospective research on health issues relies on a statistical test know as correlation. A correlation will tell you if two variables are statistically related. So height and weight are correlated, intelligence and grades are correlated, and cigarette smoking and cancer are correlated. Since vaccinations are mandatory for the most part in the US and everyone receives the MMR vaccine it is hard to come up with an accurate. In parts of Europe where vaccinations are not mandatory the rates of autism are the same in vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups of children. What most people don't understand is that a correlation will tell you if two variables are related, but it will tell you nothing about causality. Just because autism follows the MMR vaccination does not mean that the vaccination caused the autism. Maybe mercury does play a role in autism. Increasingly there is more mercury in our environment as well as other neurotoxins. But a correlation cannot make a statement about causality.